| Slowest: recruiting a senior person takes months, and some hires don't work out | Days to weeks: the teams already exist and already work together | Fast for solo tasks. The best are often booked up, and those free at once vary in quality | An agency or freelancers. Recruiting is the slowest answer to an urgent need. |
| Salary is only the visible part. Recruiting, benefits, tools, training and management sit underneath | Higher day rate, but flexible: you pay for the work done, not for idle time | Lowest hourly rate. Hidden costs fall on your management time and the risk of rework | It depends on how busy the role is. Steady full-time work favours in-house; uneven work favours the other two. |
| Unmatched: they're in your meetings and pick up your customers and politics day by day | Builds over months of working together, but never matches an employee's. Agencies should admit it | Thinnest: task-based work with little view of why the work matters | In-house, clearly. This is the strongest reason to hire. |
| Each hire covers one or two skills, so full coverage means many salaries | One agreement can cover development, design, marketing and AI without new contracts | Deep in one area each. Work across skills means finding and coordinating several people | An agency, when the work crosses several skills. |
| Yours to build: your hiring standards, your reviews and your testing | Comes with a process: peer review, quality checks and a reputation the agency must protect | Depends on the person: brilliant or unreliable, and reference checks are your only safeguard | An agency for a ready-made process; in-house once you've built your own. |
| A hiring round for each step up: months, not weeks | Ask for more people; the agency keeps spare capacity for exactly this | Each extra person means a new search, contract and onboarding | An agency, by a wide margin, for sudden peaks. |
| Painful: redundancies are slow, costly and hurt morale | Set by contract: reduce the work at the notice period, and nobody loses a job | Simple: the work just ends | Freelancers and agencies. Scaling down is the least discussed cost of an in-house team. |
| One resignation can take everything a person knew about a system, especially in small teams | Built in: documentation and several people who know the work are in the contract, not left to luck | One person holds everything, so your only safeguard is the documentation you insist on | An agency for built-in continuity; in-house if you work hard at keeping people and writing things down. |
| Skills that are central, permanent and needed full-time | Work across several skills, extra capacity at peaks, and skills you need but shouldn't hire for | Clear, self-contained tasks with agreed standards for when they're done | Each suits a different job. Most experienced teams use a deliberate mix. |